Legal Library: Cases and Proceedings

A consent order settled antitrust concerns stemming from Exxon's acquisition of Mobil Corporation, but requires the largest retail divestiture in Commission history. The divestitures, representing only a fraction of the worldwide assets of Exxon and Mobil, include 2,431 gas stations; an Exxon refinery in California; a pipeline; and other assets. According to the complaint, the proposed merger would injure competition in moderate concentrated markets -California gasoline refining, marketing and retail sales of gasoline in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Texas; and in the highly concentrated markets for jet turbine oil.

The final order, modified after the public comment period, does not require the divestiture of a Lucky (American Stores Company) store in Lompoc, California to Ralph's. Albertson's Inc. agreed to divest 104 supermarkets and American Stores Company agreed to divest 40 supermarkets to settle charges that Albertson's acquisition of American Stores raises antitrust concerns in 57 markets in California, Nevada and New Mexico. The divestiture agreement is the largest retail divestiture of supermarkets ever required by the Commission to date.

Airgas, Inc., the nation's largest distributor of industrial, medical, and specialty gases, settled antitrust charges that its January 2000 acquisition of Mallinckrodt, Inc.'s Puritan Bennett Medical Gas Business eliminated competition in the North American market for the production and sale of nitrous oxide. Under terms of the order, Airgas is required to divest two nitrous oxide plants and related assets to Air Liquide America Corporation within 10 days after the Commission issues its final order. Nitrous oxide is a clear, odorless gas used mainly in dental and surgical procedures as an analgesic agent or as a supplement to anesthesia.

The Commission negotiated an agreement with The Hearst Corporation (Hearst) to settle a permanent injunction action filed by the FTC alleging that Hearst failed to provide documents required by premerger notification law and then consummated a merger that monopolized the integrated drug information database market. Under the terms of the order, Hearst divested the Medi-Span business to Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. , a subsidiary of Wolters Kluwer, n.v., disgorged $19 million in profits, and to complied with certain other obligations.

Hearst and its subsidiary paid a $4 million civil penalty to settle charges that they failed to include required documents in the notification and report form file in 1998 for the proposed acquisition of Medi-Span International, Inc. The complaint alleged that the omitted documents hindered the antitrust agencies in their review and analysis of the proposed acquisition. The complaint, stipulation and final judgment were filed in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by Commission attorneys acting as special attorneys to the United States Attorney General. During fiscal year 2001, the Commission filed a related complaint for a permanent injunction alleging that Hearst and First DataBank created a monopoly through the acquisition of Medi-Span, First DataBank's only other competitor selling software and data detailing information for pharmaceutical prices, descriptions, dosages, and interactions. The Final Order and Stipulation requiring divestiture and disgorgement of profits was entered December 18, 2001.

Tyco settled antitrust concerns relating to its acquisition of Mallinckrodt, Inc. Tyco agreed to divest its endotracheal tube business to Hudson RCI.

The consent order settles antitrust concerns stemming from the acquisition of ADT Automotive Holdings, Inc., the nation's third largest operator of wholesale motor vehicle auctions, by Manheim Auctions, the nation's leading operator of auctions.  The complaint alleged that the proposed acquisition would substantially reduce competition among wholesale auction services in six geographic markets.  In addition, the complaint alleges that Manheim's 1996 acquisition of its only rival in Phoenix resulted in a merger to monopoly in that market.  The order requires Manheim to divest nine auctions in Kansas City, Missouri; Denver and Colorado Springs, Colorado; Atlanta, Georgia; San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; Tampa, Orlando and Daytona Beach, Florida; and Phoenix, Arizona.

VNU N.V. settled antitrust concerns that its proposed acquisition of Nielsen Media Research, Inc. would restrict competition in the market for advertising expenditure measurement services in the United States. The order requires VNU to divest its Competitive Media Reporting division, the nation's largest supplier in the specialized market.

Rhodia divested certain assets to resolve antitrust concerns stemming from its acquisition of Allbright & Wilson PLC. The consent order permits the acquisition but requires the divestiture of Albright’s interest in its United States phosphoric acid joint venture to its joint venture partner, Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan.

A final order requires the divestiture of large titanium stainless steel and large nickel-based superalloy production assets (structural cast metals used in the manufacture of aerospace components) to settle antitrust concerns stemming from its acquisition of Wyrnan-Gordon Company. The order requires Precision Castparts to divest Wyman-Gordon's titanium foundry in Albany, Oregon and Wyman- Gordon's Large Cast Parts foundry in Groton, Connecticut.

Medtronic agreed to divest Avecor Cardiovascular, Inc.'s non-occlusive arterial pump assets to settle antitrust concerns that the acquisition would lessen competition for the research, development, manufacture and sale of the pumps in the United States. The order requires Medtronic to provide assistance to the buyer of the Avecor Pump assets to enable the buyer to obtain FDA approval to manufacture and market the Avecor pumps an reservoirs.

Consent order, resolving antitrust concerns relating to Zeneca's merger with Astra AB requires the divestiture of all assets relating to levobupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic. The assets were sold to Chiroscience Group plc, the developer of levobupivacaine.

Order requires divestiture of 10 supermarkets in Maryland and Pennsylvania to settle antitrust concerns stemming from Ahold's acquisition of Giant Food Inc.

Input/Output, Inc. and The Laitram Corporation each paid $225,000 in civil penalties to settle charges that Input/Output merged its operations with Laitram's DigiCOURSE subsidiary before observing the statutory waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976. According to the complaint, the parties filed notification under HSR in October 14,1998, but Input/Output began its control over DigiCOURSE on October 10, 1998. The complaint and settlement were filed in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by Commission attorneys acting as special attorneys to the U.S. Attorney General

Nortek, Inc., agreed to settle FTC charges that its $242.5 million acquisition of NuTone, its closest competitor in the hard-wired residential intercom business, would violate federal antitrust laws by creating a dominant firm that could drive up prices in the market.  Nortek, based in Providence, Rhode Island, controls 31 percent of the market for hard- wired residential intercoms, through its M & S subsidiary. NuTone is the leading seller of residential intercoms, with about 56 percent of the market. Together, the merged firm would control about 87 percent of U.S. hard-wired residential intercom sales.To settle the FTC charges, Nortek agreed to divest M & S, its wholly-owned subsidiary and the second-largest seller of hard-wired residential intercoms in the United States.