Tag: Manufacturing

Dainippon agreed to divest the perylene business of its U.S. subsidiary, Sun Chemical Corporation, to Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. and Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation to settle allegations that its proposed acquisition of Bayer Corporation's high-performance pigment manufacturing facility would eliminate competition in the highly concentrated world market for perylenes -organic pigments used to impart unique shades of red color to products, including coatings, plastics and fibers.

A consent order permits Bayer to purchase Aventis CropScience Holdings S.A. from Aventis S.A. The order requires Bayer to divest businesses and assets in the following four major markets: new generation chemical insecticide products: new- generation chemical insecticide active ingredients; post-emergent grass herbicides for spring wheat; and cool weather cotton defoliants. According to the complaint, the transaction as proposed would result in the elimination of both actual and competition in the four markets; increase barriers to entry; reduce innovation competition for certain products; and increase the possibility of coordinated interaction between competitors.

A consent order permits the acquisition of Global Industrial Technologies, Inc. and requires the divestiture of two refractories manufacturing facilities – Global’s Hammond, Indiana and Marelan, Quebec plants – to Resco Products, Inc. According to the complaint, the proposed acquisition would create the largest producer of refractories in North America with dominant positions in the magnesia - carbon brick refractory market and in the high alumina brick refractory market. Refractories are used to line furnaces in many industries that involve the heating or containment of solids, liquids, or gases at high temperatures.

The Commission authorized staff to seek a preliminary injunction to block the proposed acquisition of Claussen Pickle Company by Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst Equity Fund V L.P., the owner of Vlasic Pickle Company on grounds that the transaction would combine the dominant firm in the market for refrigerated pickles (Claussen) with its most significant competitor in refrigerated pickles (Vlasic). Six days after the complaint was filed in federal district court, the parties abandoned the transaction.

The Commission authorized staff to seek a preliminary injunction to block Libbey’s proposed $332 million acquisition of Anchor Hocking, a subsidiary of Newell Rubbermaid, Inc., on grounds that the acquisition would substantially lessen competition in the market for soda-lime glassware sold to the food service industry in the United States. A complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on January 14, 2002. The district court granted the Commission’s request for an injunction on April 22, 2002. An administrative complaint, issued on May 9, extend the injunction until the conclusion of the administrative proceedings. Pursuant to the delegation of authority, the Commission withdrew the matter from adjudication on July 25, 2002, to consider a proposed consent agreement. A consent order was finalized October 7, 2002.

A consent order settled charges that FMC and Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. of Japan entered into a conspiracy to divide the world market for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a binder used in making pharmaceutical tablets, into two territories. According to the complaint, FMC allegedly agreed not to sell the pharmaceutical to customers in Japan or East Asia without Asahi Chemical's consent, while Asahi Chemical agreed not to sell the pharmaceutical to customers in North America or Europe without the consent of FMC. The final order prohibits such behavior in the future and restricts FMC from acting as the U.S. distributor for any competing manufacturer of microcrystalline cellulose (including Asahi Chemical) for 10 years. In addition, for five years, FMC is prohibited from distributing in the United States any other product manufactured by Asahi Chemical.

The Commission authorized staff to file a motion for a preliminary injunction to block the proposed acquisition of Vivendi Universal S.A.’s Seagram Wine and Spirits Business on grounds that the transaction, would combine the second- and third-largest rum producers in the U.S. eliminating actual competition between the firms, leading to higher prices for rum. The Commission charged that Diageo and Bacardi together would control 95 percent of all U.S. premium rum sales, and that Diageo would have access to highly sensitive business information about Seagram's Gin, Chivas Regal Scotch whisky, The Glenlivet Scotch, and Martell Cognac, products with which Diageo is in significant competition.  If Diageo were to acquire these brands, it would maintain (or have a financial interest in) virtually all popular gin sales, virtually all deluxe Scotch whisky sales, 32 percent of all single malt Scotch whisky sales, and 63 percent of all Cognac sales in the United States.  Those brands, which compete directly with other brands marketed by Diageo in the United States (including Gordon's Gin, Classic Malt Scotch whiskies, Johnnie Walker Black Scotch, and Hennessy Cognac), are Seagram's Gin, Chivas Regal Scotch whisky, The Glenlivet Scotch whisky, and Martell Cognac.  The parties settled the charges and by consent order, Diageo was required to divest the Malibu rum business worldwide to a Commission-approved buyer.  The order also prevented Diageo from obtaining or using any competitively sensitive business information related to Seagram's Gin, Chivas Regal Scotch whisky, The Glenlivet Scotch whisky, or Martell Cognac.

The Commission authorized staff to seek a preliminary injunction to block DGF’s proposed acquisition of Leiner Davis Gelatin Corporation and its Goodman Fielder USA, Inc. subsidiary. According to the Commission this transaction, if allowed to proceed as planned, would increase the likelihood of anticompetitive activity in the U.S. market for pigskin and beef hide gelatin, used by the food industry as an ingredient in edible products and by the pharmaceutical industry to produce capsules and tablets. The combination of the two firms would account for more than 50 percent of the relevant market in the U.S. A proposed consent agreement designed to remedy the significant antitrust concerns was accepted for public comment March 7, 2002; the consent order was finalized April 17, 2002.

The consent order permits WA's acquisition of FAG Kugelfischer Georg Schufer AG but requires the divestiture of FAG'S cartridge ball screw support bearing business to Aktiebolaget SKF within 20 business days after the consummation of the INAJFAG transaction. According to the complaint issued with the consent order, the acquisition, as planned, would create a monopoly in the worldwide market for cartridge ball screw support bearings, a type of bearing used in the manufacture of machine tool equipment.

The consent order required the divestiture of Blue Circle Industries PLC's cement business serving the Great Lakes region of Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and New York; its cement business in the Syracuse, New York; and its lime business in the southeast United States. These divestitures settled antitrust concerns stemming from Lafarge's proposed merger with Blue Circle. The two firms are market leaders in the industry for cement and lime.

Airgas, Inc., the nation's largest distributor of industrial, medical, and specialty gases, settled antitrust charges that its January 2000 acquisition of Mallinckrodt, Inc.'s Puritan Bennett Medical Gas Business eliminated competition in the North American market for the production and sale of nitrous oxide. Under terms of the order, Airgas is required to divest two nitrous oxide plants and related assets to Air Liquide America Corporation within 10 days after the Commission issues its final order. Nitrous oxide is a clear, odorless gas used mainly in dental and surgical procedures as an analgesic agent or as a supplement to anesthesia.

Metso settled charges that if its acquisition of Svedala Industries AB were allowed to proceed as planned, competition would be lessened in four rock processing equipment markets: primary gyratory crushers; jaw crushers; cone crushers; and grinding mills. The firms agreed to divest Metso's worldwide primary gyratory crusher and grinding mill businesses and Svedala's worldwide jaw crusher and cone crusher businesses. The three crusher businesses would be purchased by Sandvik AB, a Swedish corporation; the grinding mill business would be purchased by Outokumpu of Finland. Metso and Svedala are the two largest suppliers of rock processing equipment in the world.

The FTC sought a preliminary injunction to block H.J. Heinz Company's (Heinz) proposed $185 million acquisition of Milnot Holding Company, owner of Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation (Beech-Nut), citing concerns that the transaction would reduce the number of competitors in the baby food market from three to two, creating a duopoly. Heinz and Beech-Nut are the nation's second- and third-largest producers of prepared baby food.  The district court denied the motion, but the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia reversed the federal district court decision and granted the Commission’s request for entry of a preliminary injunction.  Soon after, the parties abandoned the transaction.

The consent order permits the merger of Philip Monis and Nabisco Holdings Corporation while settling charges that the merger of the two food companies would reduce competition in the already highly-concentrated food product markets. Under terms of the order, the parties are required to divest Nabisco's dry- mix gelatin, dry-mix pudding, no-bake dessert, and baking powder assets to The Jet Sea Company and Nabisco's intense mints assets to Hershey Foods Corporation.

Final order permitted Valspar's acquisition of Lilly Industries, Inc., but requires Valspar to divest its mirror coatings business to Spraylet Corporation. Mirror coatings are applied to the back of a piece of glass in order to produce a mirror.

The Commission authorized staff to seek a preliminary injunction to block the proposed acquisition of National Tobacco Company, L.P. on grounds that the $165 million acquisition would lessen competition in the market for loose leaf chewing tobacco and that Swedish Match’s market share would increase to 60 percent. On December 14, 2000, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia issued a 42-page opinion granting the Commission’s motion for the injunction. On December 22, 2000, the parties abandoned the transaction.

The consent order permits the merger of Novartis and AstraZeneca PLC into a new Swiss company, Syngenta AG. The order requires Novartis to divest its worldwide foliar fungicide business (based on the strobilurin chemical class) to Bayer Ag; and requires AstraZeneca to divest its worldwide com herbicide business (based on the active ingredient acetochlor) to Dow AgroSciences LLC.

A consent order requires Agrium to divest a deepwater terminal near Portland, Oregon, an up water terminal in central Washington and other assets settling charges concerning its proposed acquisition of the nitrogen fertilizer business of Union Oil Company of California. Agrium and Unocal are the leading producers in the Northwest of nitrogen fertilizer – anhydrous ammonia, urea and UAN 32% solution – ingredients used for plant growth.

The FTC charged that five distributors of recorded music illegally required retailers to advertise compact discs at or above the minimum advertised price (MAP) set by the distribution company in exchange for substantial advertising payments for various types of media including television, radio, newspaper and signs and banners within the retailers own stores. Time-Warner Inc., Bertlesmann, Universal Music and Video Distribution Corporation and UMG Recordings, Inc., EMI Music Distribution, and Sony Music Entertainment represent approximately 85 percent of all CD’s purchased in the United States. According to the complaint, the MAP policies violated the antitrust laws in two respects. First, when considered together, the arrangements constitute practices that facilitate horizontal collusion among the distributors, and, when viewed individually, each distributor's arrangement constitutes an unreasonable vertical restraint of trade under the rule of reason.  In separate settlements, each distributor agreed to stop linking promotional funds to the advertised prices of their retailer customers for the next seven years. For the next 13 years after that, each company was prohibited from conditioning promotional money on the prices contained in advertisements they do not pay for, or terminating relationships with any retailer based on that retailer's prices.